17th Century Timeline, 1600 Through 1699

Major changes in the fields of philosophy and science took place  during the 17th century. Prior to the beginning of the 1600s, scientific study  and scientists in the field were not truly recognized. In fact, important figures and pioneers such as the 17th-century physicist  Isaac Newton were initially called natural philosophers because there was no such thing as the word scientist throughout most of the 17th century. But it was during this period that the emergence of newly-invented machines became part of the daily and economic lives of many people. While people studied and relied upon the more or less unproven principles of  medieval alchemy, it was during the 17th century that a transition to the science of chemistry took place. Another important development during this time was the evolution  from astrology to astronomy.   So by the end of the 17th century, the scientific revolution had taken hold and this new field of study had established itself as the leading society-shaping force that encompassed mathematical, mechanical, and  empirical bodies of knowledge. Notable scientists of this  era include the astronomer  Galileo Galilei, philosopher Renà © Descartes, inventor and mathematician  Blaise Pascal,  and  Isaac Newton. Here is a brief  historical list of the greatest technology, science, and invention hits of the 17th century. 1608 German-Dutch spectacle-maker Hans Lippershey invents the first refracting telescope. 1620 Dutch builder Cornelis Drebbel invents the earliest human-powered submarine. 1624 English mathematician William Oughtred invents the  slide rule. 1625 French physician Jean-Baptiste Denys invents a method for blood transfusion. 1629 Italian engineer and architect Giovanni Branca invents a steam turbine. 1636 English astronomer and mathematician W. Gascoigne invents the micrometer. 1642 French mathematician  Blaise Pascal invents the adding machine. 1643 Italian mathematician and physicist Evangelista Torricelli invents the barometer. 1650 Scientist and inventor  Otto von Guericke invents an air pump. 1656 Dutch mathematician and scientist  Christian Huygens  invents a pendulum clock. 1660 Cuckoo clocks were made in Furtwangen, Germany, in the Black Forest region. 1663 Mathematician and astronomer James Gregory invents the first reflecting telescope. 1668 Mathematician and physicist  Isaac Newton  invents a reflecting telescope. 1670 The first reference to a  candy cane  is made. French Benedictine monk Dom Pà ©rignon invents  Champagne. 1671 German mathematician and philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invents the calculating machine. 1674 Dutch Microbiologist  Anton Van Leeuwenhoek  was the first to see and describe bacteria with a microscope. 1675 Dutch mathematician, astronomer, and  physicist  Christian Huygens  patents the pocket watch. 1676 English architect and  natural philosopher  Robert Hooke  invents the universal joint. 1679 French physicist, mathematician, and inventor Denis Papin ​invents the pressure cooker. 1698 English inventor and engineer  Thomas Savery  invents a steam pump.

Theme Of Fear In Fahrenheit 451 - 1105 Words

In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury depicts a society built upon fear. Because of this, society grows physically, but not spiritually. For example, each person in this society follows a similar schedule making any small disruption in this routine noticeable. Commoner, Guy Montag, lives under this constant watch but never disturbs the peace until he meets a new neighbor, Clarisse McClellan, who wakes him up from the robotic society. Although Montag supports this new concept, introduced by Clarisse, he still manages to contradict it with his actions. Bradbury uses the motif of hands to demonstrate that decisions made out of fear often cause a loss of humanity in an individual. Clarisse McClellan, a neighbor of Montag, shows Montag how he†¦show more content†¦In this situation, devoted firemen that support what they do surround Montag. This puts Montag in a risky place because if any of his actions seem abnormal, his fellow firemen will notice. Out of fear that this will happen, Montags hand takes charge and crushes the book with passion. Again, every time Montag counteracts his beliefs, created by Clarisse, in his actions, regarding burning books, it chips away at his humanity. During his work day, fellow firemen who believe in burning books surround Montag. Because Montag does not believe in this concept, he lives in fear that firemen will find out and share the news to his boss. To achieve this, Montag must complete some inhumane tasks. For example, a call to duty, of burning books found in a house, to Montags fire station order them to the scene. A woman stands in her house surrounded by books she has hidden. She refuses to let the firemen burn the books and stood in the house to burn with them. As Montag piles up more and more books to burn, the narrator observes , â€Å"Montag had done nothing. His hand had done it all, his hand, with a brain of its own, with a conscience and a curiosity in each trembling finger, had turned thief† (35). At this point in Montags life, he strongly believes in the preservation of books. Montag frequently completes jobs alongside many other fireman who do support the act of burning books. Therefore, out of fearfulness,Show MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451 And V For Vendetta, By Ray Bradbury1457 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel Fahrenheit 451 written by Ray Bradbury and the film V for Vendetta by James McTeigue, there are a different range of features of their text type which explore the common theme of individuality against oppression. A fascist government occupies London after a world war in V for Vendetta. Where V uses terrorist tactics to fight the dictators, after saving Evey from the secret police, he now discovers an ally in the battle against England’s corrupt government. Fahrenheit 451, set in the futuristicRead MoreEssay on Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury972 Words   |  4 PagesIn Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, irony is used to convey information and it contributes to the overall theme of the novel. Written during the era of McCarthyism, Fahrenheit 451 is about a society where books are illegal. This society believes that being intellectual is bad and that a lot of things that are easily accessible today should be censored. The overall message of the book is that censorship is not beneficial to society, and that it could cause great harm to one’s intelligence and socialRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Comparison Essay1698 Words   |  7 Pagestransgender rights as can be seen in the 21st century, or fighting to be considered a free man as can be seen in the 19th century. This fight can be seen throughout history books and literary classics such as Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe. In Fahrenheit 451, the main character, Guy Montag is fighting against the technological revolution taking place in the 23rd century. He battles with a society full of censorship, where everyone is too caught up with their newRead MoreA Flame-Filled Foreboding Essay1224 Words   |  5 Pagesfamous novel Fahrenheit 451. The novel is set in a futuristic dystopia in which books and other activities that don’t offer instant gratification (such as being a pedestrian) are banned, and in the case of books, burned. The protagonist of the story, Guy Montag, goes about a journey of self-discovery and a realization of the corrupted world around him. The book offers a deep insight into the potential dangers of our society that is obsessed with instantaneous satisfaction. Fahrenheit 451 has no logicalRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By F. Bradbury1131 Words   |  5 Pages Fahrenheit 451 is a very interesting book that shows its many themes in different ways. Through a compare and contrast between the our world now and the world presented in Fahrenheit 451 we will be able to see the different themes and the factors that influence them. The four main factors that influence the story are the controlling government, terrible social conditions, advances technology and censorship. Although, some a play a bigger part than others, without all the them the book s finalRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By F. Montag1378 Words   |  6 Pagesprotection from dangerous notions or exposure to outside ideas. As a result of these fears and assumptions, countless books have been wrongfully banned including Fahrenheit 451 which not only conveys concepts such as freedom of religion, but of the dangers of replacing communication with mass media, as well as advocating freedom of expression and ideas. Freedom of religion is shown in numerous forms throughout Fahrenheit 451. Montag, who was characterized as a fireman in this novel, prompts encounters toRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511721 Words   |  7 Pagesthat Ray Bradbury’s novel, Fahrenheit 451, attempts to answer. In this book, he describes a hypothetical world in which the population not only avoids reading, but has made owning books an unthinkable crime, with all books discovered burned, along with the houses of those who hoarded them. In this dystopian future created by Bradbury, the beauty that is literature has been replaced in society by television programs and radio stations. This reveals Bradbury’s obvious fear that modern technology wouldRead MoreFahrenheit 451: the Firemen851 Words   |  4 PagesThe 1950’s, an era that plagued the minds of Americans with fears of atomic war and Cold War conspiracies, provides an appropriate setting for the foundation of novels protesting government policies. Animal Farm, 1984, and other similar satires of the time period demand go vernment reform. But Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 staunchly contrasts these other writings; rather than presenting some omniscient tale admonishing its audience of the dangers of government hierarchy, Bradbury uses satire to criticizeRead MoreJane Eyre And Fahrenheit 4511381 Words   |  6 PagesJane Eyre and Fahrenheit 451 are two pieces of literature destined to stand the test of time. They both possess various traits which distinguish themselves as ‘classics,’ thereby allowing them to be relevant novels regardless of the time period. These aforementioned traits are derived from the facts that both of these novels are timelessly relatable in the sense of possessing the universal ‘coming of age’ theme regarding overcoming disillusionment, give a glimpse into history by acting as symbolsRead MoreThe Nature Of Technology In Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1100 Words   |  5 Pages I rate Fahrenheit 451 a â€Å"one star†, because I found the w riter’s style uninteresting. The author, Ray Bradbury, failed to pull me in, and the novel didn’t open my eyes to the viewpoints portrayed in the novel. Although Fahrenheit 451 carries themes of rebirth of society, government censorship, and the nature of humanity, these themes were overwhelmed by one theme that bled into every action, dialogue piece, and narrative section: technology corrupts. This theme could have made for a wonderful book

Post-Industrial Society Effects on Organizational Change free essay sample

Society can be defined as the changes in work, organization, and employment relations that are attendant on the evolution from an economy based on manufacturing to one based on services (â€Å"Dictionary of Human Resource Management,† 2002). Organizational shifts or changes are based on changes in society in all aspects. Just as Huber predicted in 1984, the major increase in post-industrial societys complexity will lead to increases in specialization and diversity (Huber, 1984). Specialization is a common trend in the current organizational environments. Today there are specialists in all industries and organizations. An example that can prove Huber’s theory is accurate is technology. Organizations have had to change their organizational structures based on technology as it has evolved. As computers became more prevalent in the work place more and more jobs were created to entertain this concept. â€Å"The causal role of technology has been widely accepted in Western culture and the role of technology as an agent of change is common in the popular view of modem history where it is usually featured in simple, plausible narratives comparing an aspect of society before and after a technological innovation and inferring causation to the sudden appearance of the technical innovation† (Winter amp; Taylor, 1996, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Post-Industrial Society Effects on Organizational Change or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ). â€Å"Because the causal role of technology has been widely accepted in Western popular culture, it is not surprising to find that computers are often identified as powerful agents of social and economic change ushering in the new post-industrial form of organization† (Winter amp; Taylor, 1996, p. 12). Huber stated that, â€Å"the following seemed clear: (1) the anticipatable large increases in knowledge will lead to large increases in technological, economic, and social specialization and diversity; these increases may be facilitated by increases in the effective numerosity of societal components, and (2) these large increases in specialization and diversity will lead to large increases in societal interdependence; these latter increases may be aggravated by increases in the demand-supply ratio of certain physical resources. As a consequence of these arguments we can conclude that in post-industrial society both the level of complexity and its absolute growth rate will be significantly greater than in the past† (Huber, 1984, p. 932). As a member of an educational organization where specialization is dominated it is clear that this theory can be proven in many different environments. In education, teachers are specialists in a specific area of learning. For example, reading specialists are experts in the most recent trends and practices of teaching reading. These specialists provide support to students that have reading difficulty in schools. Another example is the role of a content specific teacher, who only teaches one subject such as, Mathematics, English, or Science. In the late 1800s and early 1900s there was one teacher that provided instruction to several students in one classroom. An example of a shift in education that is due to diversity is the history of special education. In the early 1800s and 1900s it was believed that children with special needs should be institutionalized, Due to a social movement in the late 1960s deinstitutionalization was brought about. Children with special needs where taken out of institutions and segregated back into civilization. Next, special education classrooms or schools were created that allowed these children to learn. Finally, the most current trend is to place the student in the least restricted environment which could mean including them in the general education setting among their peers. Inclusion is becoming the law in some places, which means the majority of the time special education students are included in the regular education classrooms. The main reasons for recent shifts are social or political changes. â€Å"It can be argued that society is increasingly characterized by ever-growing levels of diversity of income, age, ethnicity, lifestyle and many other areas of social life†. All of these aspects of diversity directly affect organizational changes. Companies must take into account the needs and changing lives of those they employ. Organizations cannot discriminate against employees who may have a diverse background or those who maintain social aspect that could potentially affect their work ethics or production. Another example of a shift that is directly related to this is woman in the work place. In the 1800s this concept was unheard. Presently, several organizations are led by successful women executives. It would be socially unheard of to not accept this level of diversity in the workplace.

Mobius Strip Essay Example

Mobius Strip Essay In mathematics, the Klein bottle ([kla n]) is a non-orientable surface, informally, a surface (a two-dimensional manifold) with no identifiable inner and outer sides. Other related non-orientable objects include the Mobius strip and the real projective plane. Whereas a Mobius strip is a two-dimensional surface with boundary, a Klein bottle has no boundary. (For comparison, a sphere is an orientable surface with no boundary. ) The Klein bottle was first described in 1882 by the German mathematician Felix Klein. In physics/electro-technology: as compact resonator with the resonance frequency which is half that of identically constructed linear coils * as inductionless resistance. * as superconductors with high transition temperature In chemistry/nano-technology: * as molecular knots with special characteristics (Knotane) * as molecular engines * as graphene volume (nano-graphite) with new electronic characteristics, like helical magnetism. * In a special type of aromaticity: Mobius aromaticity * Charged particles, which were caught in the magnetic field of the earth, can move on a Mobius band. The cyclotide (cyclic protein), active substance of the plant Oldenlandia affinis, contains Mobius topology for the peptide backbone. In mathematics, a cross-cap is a two-dimensional surface that is topologically equivalent (i. e. homeomorphic) to a Mobius strip. The term ‘cross-cap’, however, often implies that the surface has been deformed so that its boundary is an ordinary circle. A cross-cap that has been closed up by gluing a disc to its boundary is an immersion of the real projective plane. We will write a custom essay sample on Mobius Strip specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mobius Strip specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mobius Strip specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Two cross-caps glued together at their boundaries form a Klein bottle. In chemistry, a molecular knot, or knotane, is a mechanically-interlocked molecular architecture. Examples of naturally formed knotanes are DNA and certain proteins. Lactoferrin has an unusual biochemical reactivity compared to its linear analogue. Other synthetic molecular knots have a distinct globular shape and nanometer sized dimensions that make them potential building blocks in nanotechnology. APPLICATION OF BOOLEAN ALGEBRA IN TRAFFIC SIGNALS There are six lights to operate. The Red, Amber, and Green lights in the North-South direction will be designated as R1, A1, G1. Similarly, the lights in the East-West direction will be called R2, A2, and G2. When the digital signals are in the Logic-1 state they turn their respective lights on, otherwise the lights are off. A digital clock signal will be supplied and at each clock pulse the lights should. The design of the circuit that produces the clock pulses at appropriate times will not be considered here. There are two types of road crossing: quiet crossings that use a simple sequence, and busy crossings require a longer (delayed green) sequence. One digital input signal called J (for junction type) will indicate whether the road crossing is considered quiet. J=0 denotes a busy junction and J=1 a quiet one. Thus, we have a one-input, six-output synchronous system to design.